How to create a completely peaceful world Essay Example for Free

How to create a exclusively unaggressive founding EssayTo create a fully tranquillityful existence, some(prenominal) Federalism and non- crazy underground be prerequisite. Federalism and non-violent apology stomach cooperate well to completely eliminate state of war in the world. In this essay, I am arguing that neither federalism nor non-violent resistance squirt deliver the goods a peaceful world independently. War adds from conflicts in the midst of communities or nations.We brush off find the grow of conflicts from hu gay being temper. I believe that the hu homophile nature is a complex combination including both Hobbes hu human nature theory and Hegels earn and slave theory. By looking at human nature, we can fulfil that federalism, which aims to establish a muscular global administration, and non-violent resistance, which includes demonstrations, obstruction, refusal to cooperate, boycotts, strikes, civil disobedience and so on, can deal with the con flicts and achieve peace (Awad 158). In the real world, however, there are some ch eitherenges to set up a situationful global federal organisation and perform the non-violent resistance policy. The challenges are undecided in this essay.Firstly, a case-by-case world government with its own dominant army is one of the necessary prerequisite for a peaceful world. The reason comes from Hobbes human nature theory. Hobbes believes that human nature is the consume for gain, safety and reputation (Hobbes 30). The drive experience conflicts between human beings. Moreover, for as to the strength of body, the weakest has the strength to kill the strongest, either by secret machination, or by confederacy with others, that are in the same danger with himself (Hobbes 29). Thus, without a strong government, the human edict allow for inevitably be in war, and such(prenominal) a war, as is of e really man against every man. (Hobbes 30). And consequently, the life of man will be solitary, poor, nasty, ignorant, and short. (Hobbes 31).At present, the international society is very compatible with Hobbes theory. With nuclearChen 2 weapons, the weakest nation has the potential ability to destroy the strongest nation. Each nation has the nature drive for economic gain, safety and glory. Conflicts between nations are inevitable beca lend oneself of the natural drive. Therefore, war becomes inevitable. Furthermore, the fast growing globalisation has changed the world to be a small village. Before the industrial revolution, people needed months or long time to travel cross the continents or oceans. Geographic barriers greatly reduce the incentive of waging war to a faraway nation. The conflicts of gain, safety and reputation were greatly weakened by geographic distance. For example, no nation wanted to absorb war from North America to the Middle East thousands of years ago. In fact, lots of nations were sort of stranded from the other nations.Thus, in the ancient time, there had no war of every nation against every nation. However, at present technology has made the geographic barrier almost be vanished. Information transfers within the world in a few flashs. People can travel to anywhere in a couple of days. The world becomes a small village. In this small village, every nation is competing with others for gain, safety, and reputations. With the natural conflicts between nations and the deadly power of nuclear weapons, sooner or later, the world will be inevitably in a war of every nation against every nation, and in such a war, the life will be solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.Only a world government with dominant phalanx power can prevent such horrible condition. The world government can use its great coercive power to maintenance the peace between nations. If there is a war between nations or a civil war inside a nation, the world government can step in by its powerful army to snap the war. In terms of Hobbes jump natural law, man is to test peace, and follow it (Hobbes 33). Here, nations also apply to the first natural law, which is that all nations seek peace, so they follow the global government.Chen 3However, it should be note that peace can not be fully achieved by the coercive global government. The global government uses its coercive military power to incumbrance war, but it cannot fully prevent war. For example, when two nations open conflicts, and difference of opinion in a war, the world government can scarcely send its powerful army to stop the war after the war has begun. On the other hand, the world government may have to use war to stop the war. For example, if one nation invades another nation, the world government may have to violate the invader to force it to retreat from the victim country. So the war still exists. Under this condition, non-violent resistance is the only way to prevent the war.Non-violent resistance is associated with Hegels view of human nature. Hegel believes that human nature is the drive of gaining recognitions from others. To gain recognition, someone must struggle to have superior power than others. Therefore, man-to-man can have freedom as a master to force others to be slaves.The slaves have to work for the masters, and be surviving by the step in of acknowledging the masters identity (Hegel 36). According to Hegels theory of human nature, the conflicts between human beings are not necessary to lead to war or force. In other words, war is not inevitable. Since the human nature is to seek for recognition from others, if other individuals are killed by war or violence, the recognition by the other individual can not exist. So, human beings do not naturally have incentive to use violence or war to solve conflicts. Human beings, however, must want to only nemesisen others with death for recognition. The threat will never be credible, be occasion the death of the slavers will make the master be meaningless. A master can not be a maste r if there are no slavers at all.Therefore, non-violent resistance makes sense in dealing with conflicts in the world. For example, suppose there is a very small residential district with only two men inside. In terms of HegelsChen 4 human nature theory, both of the two men will struggle for recognition of being the master. The natural drive will cause conflicts between the two men. To solve the conflict, the stronger man will make a death threat to the weaker man. However, the stronger man actually will never kill the weaker man if the weaker man does not use violence against the stronger man, because the stronger man desires the recognition from the weaker man. So the weaker man does not need to fear the death threat.At the same time, the weaker man can not use violence to fight with the stronger man, because the weaker man will definitely be killed during the violent fight. Therefore, the weaker man can deal with the conflicts by non-violent resistance. Firstly, he knows that a violent fight will sure enough cause his death. Secondly, he knows that non-violent resistance will never cause his death. By non-violent resistance, the weaker man does not adapt the stronger mans order and he does not cooperate with the stronger man. Eventually, the stronger man cannot be a true master, and the weaker man will not be a true slave.Non-violent resistance can be used between communities and nations as well. In the global community, nations have natural desire to be acknowledged to be the dominant nation. For example, during the shivery war era, both the Soviet Union and the unite States wanted to dominate the world. With practically greater military power, the two superpowers have invaded some weaker countries. If all the weaker countries have used non-violent resistance strategy, the war could be prevented. Meanwhile, since the weaker countries do not cooperate with the invader, the weaker countries would never be truly occupied.I am arguing that non-violent re sistance can prevent war or violence, but I do not mean that non-violent resistance can always prevent war or violence. The assumption of using the non-violent resistance strategy is that the two individuals or nations in conflicts have very distinctChen 5 power difference. If the two nations have correspondent power, nobody can know which nation is undoubtedly more powerful. Thus, while having conflicts, the two similar powerful nations have to fight each other to find out who is really more powerful. As a result, there will have a war before the non-violent resistance to prevent wars.Thus, both federalism and non-violent resistance are necessary to achieve a completely peaceful world. The global government must have superior military power to deal with conflicts between nations. Inside individual nations, the national government must have dominant military power to deal with conflicts between different communities of the nation. While facing conflicts, all the weaker sides, for e xample, a community which has conflicts with the national government, or a nation which has conflicts with the global government, must deal with the conflicts by either negotiation or non-violent resistance instead of war or violence. Finally, the completely peaceful world will be achieved.Both Federalism and non-violent resistance are necessary because I believe that human nature is a complex combination of both Hobbes and Hegels theory. Human beings have the first natural desire for safety. The second natural desires are gain, glory and recognition. Without life, all the gain, glory and recognition are meaningless. So safety must be the first natural desire. When security is guaranteed, human beings will turn to pursue gain, glory and recognition.In theory, I argue that Federalism and non-violent resistance can completely eliminate war. In the real world, however, there are some challenges to realize Federalism and non-violent resistance. For instance, many people have Hobbesian s yndrome. They buy into Hobbes human nature theory, but they do not agree with Hegels theory. Thus, they believe that war is inevitable without a powerful global government. However, there is no powerful global government now, soChen 6 the people who have Hobbesian syndrome always show investing heavily on military resources to prepare for the future inevitable war. If a superpower holds this view, it is very knotty to establish a global government with dominant military power. For example, today the only superpower, the get together States, has nearly half of the whole world military spending annually. If the United States does not disarm, it is very difficult to set up a global government which has greater military power than the United States. It is a circle, without a powerful global government, the United States believes that it must engage great military resources. When the superpower United States engage great military resources, it is very difficult to set up a global gove rnment with a more powerful military.Another challenge comes from the non-violent strategy. When facing conflicts, sometimes it is ambiguous to know whether the conflicts come from the desire for safety, gain, glory or recognition. If the conflicts come from recognition, the non-violent resistance strategy will be very effectual to prevent war or violence. However, if the conflicts come from safety, gain and glory, using non-violent resistance might just only if like suicide. In history, there were lots of evidences of genocide incidents. For example, in the World War II, Nazi seek to kill all the Jews. So it is difficult to persuade everybody to always behave non-violent resistance while having conflicts with much more powerful competitors.In sum, human nature is the natural desires of safety, gain, glory and recognition. To fulfill the natural desires, conflicts between individuals or nations will emerge. The conflicts are the very root of wars. A powerful world government and universally accepted non-violent resistance strategy can terminate wars in the world. However, there are some unsolved challenges of establishing a powerful world government and accepting non-violent resistance universally.Awad, Mubarak E., Nonviolent Resistance A scheme for the Occupied Territories from Non-violence in theory and Practice, Robert L Holmes. Ed. Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1990.Hegel, G.W.F, Independence and Dependence of Self-Consciousness Relations of ensure and Servant from Phenomonology of Spirit, 2nd ed. Forrest E.Baird and Walter Kaufmann, eds, Prentice-Hall, 2000.Hobbes, Thomas, excerpt from Leviathan, Public Domain, 1651.